PRO/AH/EDR> Whale strandings – North Atlantic: sonar, 1960-2004

Undiagnosed — Worldwide/Unknown
de Quiros YB, Ferbabdes A, Baird RW, et al. Advances in research on the impacts of anti-submarine sonar on beaked whales. The Royal Society Publishing 2019; 286(1895); .
Abstract
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“Mass stranding events (MSEs) of beaked whales (BWs) were extremely rare prior to the 1960s but increased markedly after the development of naval mid-frequency active sonar (MFAS). The temporal and spatial associations between atypical BW MSEs and naval exercises were first observed in the Canary