What measures can companies use to evaluate safety efforts and identify opportunities for improvement? The most commonly used measures of safety performance are lagging indicators such as injury counts and costs.1,2 While lagging indicators can be beneficial, using them as the only measure of safety can be a barrier to safety improvement. For example, companies with few injuries may not have enough information to identify trends3, as is often the case for smaller companies. In addition, low injury rates occur for reasons other than an absence of hazards, including underreporting and chance.4 Further, these measures are not preventive because
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