Leprosy — Worldwide/Unknown
Until recently, researchers believed that leprosy was caused by a single species of bacterium, _Mycobacterium leprae_. To the surprise of the leprosy research community, in 2008, a pathologist discovered an entirely new leprosy-causing species in the liver of a deceased man from Mexico. A new full genome sequence of the organism, _Mycobacterium lepromatosis_, shows that despite having diverged 13.9 million years ago, the 2 leprosy-causing species are nevertheless remarkably similar,
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